List of questions for self-training in the discipline "current problems of HIV infection"

Methodology for conducting assessment in the discipline "current problems of HIV infection", 4th, 6th courses

After the end of the classroom classes provided by the curriculum, a test is held, to which students who do not have academic debt and have scored at least 72 points for the current academic performance (current academic performance 72-120 points) are admitted.

Current control is carried out at each practical session in accordance with the specific goals of the topic and contains standardized forms of control of theoretical training and control of professional skills. Current control includes assessment of the level of knowledge (testing conducted online with independent preparation), oral or written express survey, test control using test tasks), assessment of the main stage of practical training (control of professional skills during the curation of patients, solving typical situational tasks of a higher level complexity), assessment of the final level of knowledge in the class (solving situational problems of the III level of complexity, interpretation of the results of laboratory and other methods of examination of the patient).

The form of the final modular control of the academic discipline includes control of theoretical training (using standardized tasks, test tasks) and control of professional skills (level III situational tasks) in accordance with the program.

Structure of PMK:

1. Test computer control - maximum score 20 points.

2. Written work - situational task and answer to theoretical questions - 60 points.

Example of written work.

1 Patient V., 19 years old, student. He turned to the polyclinic doctor with complaints about the increase in cervical lymph nodes, which he has been noticing for 3 months. Objectively: the skin is of normal color, the body temperature is normal, the condition is satisfactory. Traces of intravenous injections on the hands. Posterior cervical, supraclavicular and ulnar lymph nodes are enlarged up to 1 cm, axillary - up to 1.5 cm in diameter, dense, elastic, painless.

1 a. Formulate a clinical diagnosis.

1 b. Order studies to confirm the diagnosis, indicating the expected changes.

1 c. Assign etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy, mandatory prescribing.

Standards of answers to the problem

1. HIV infection. Clinical stage I, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

2. General blood analysis (normocytosis with relative lymphomonocytosis, atypical mononuclear cells more than 10%), immunological studies (decrease in the total number of T-lymphocytes in the blood, especially T-helpers 500 in 1 μl, T-killers; decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio; significant increase in Ig A, G, E, D; reduced lymphocyte chemotaxis), virological methods (detection of viral RNA in the polymerase chain reaction), serological reactions (immunoenzyme and radioimmunoassays; immunoblotting ("western-blot") confirms the diagnosis when AT is detected against viral antigens p41 and p110).

3. Follow-up at the AIDS prevention center with quarterly examination and examination of CD4 count, viral load, detection of opportunistic infections. When CD4 cells decrease below 400 per μl, the appointment of antiretroviral therapy (for life).

Discipline points for students who have successfully completed the discipline program are converted to a traditional four-point scale based on absolute criteria as follows:

200-170 points - 5 (credited);

169.9-140 points - 4 (credited);

139.9-120 points - 3 (credited);

119.9 points and below - 2 (not counted).

Opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS

Ø Chronic viral hepatitis: etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment, prognosis.

Ø Concept of meningeal syndrome, factors causing it.

Ø The concept of meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

Ø Differential diagnosis of meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

Ø Meningococcal infection: classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, principles of treatment of various clinical forms, emergency care at the prehospital stage, features of prevention.

Ø Tick-borne encephalitis: features of the course, laboratory diagnostics, differential diagnosis, complications, prognosis, principles of treatment and prevention.

Ø Edema-swelling of the brain: definition, pathogenesis, classification, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, principles of treatment, emergency care at the pre-hospital stage.

Ø Differential diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious lesions of the oral cavity.

Ø Diphtheria: modern classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, principles of immunoprophylaxis.

Ø Streptococcal angina: etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, principles of prevention of complications, acute rheumatic fever.

Ø Vincent's angina (fusospirochetosis): etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment.

Ø Differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions in the clinic of infectious diseases. Epidemic mumps: classification, clinical course, features of the course in adults, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, anti-epidemic measures.

Ø Differential diagnosis of exanthema in the clinic of infectious diseases.

Ø Meningococcemia as a special clinical form of meningococcal infection, clinical differential diagnosis.

Ø Typhoid fever, paratyphoid A and B, typhoid fever, generalized pseudotuberculosis: differential diagnosis.

Ø ITSH: definition, pathogenesis, classification, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, principles of treatment, emergency care at the pre-hospital stage.

Ø Measles: clinical course, features of the course in adults, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, anti-epidemic measures, principles of immunoprophylaxis.

Ø Rubella: clinical picture, features of the course in adults, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, anti-epidemic measures, principles of immunoprophylaxis of congenital rubella.

Ø The concept of TORCH-infections: features, clinical and laboratory diagnostics. Principles of examination and prevention.

Ø Scarlet fever: features of differential diagnosis.

Ø Classification of human herpes viruses. General characteristics of herpesvirus diseases.

Ø Herpetic infection: classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention.

Ø Varicella. Herpes zoster. Clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention.

Ø Infectious mononucleosis: classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment.

Ø Cytomegalovirus infection: clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention.

Ø Other representatives of human herpes viruses. The main clinical features of diseases caused by them.

Ø Peculiarities of the course of herpesvirus infections in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Ø Anaphylactic shock in the clinic of infectious diseases: pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, emergency care.

Ø Serum sickness in the clinic of infectious diseases: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, emergency care.

Ø Doctor's tactics when detecting a patient with infectious diseases regulated by International Sanitary Regulations.

Ø Plague: classification, features of the pulmonary form, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognosis, treatment, prevention. Procedure for hospitalization of patients with the pulmonary form of the plague, rules for discharge of patients from an infectious disease hospital. Preventive measures in the cell.

Ø Tularemia, differential diagnosis with plague.

Ø Yellow fever: clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognosis, treatment, anti-epidemic measures, principles of immunoprophylaxis.

Ø Poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus, the current state of the problem. Immunoprophylaxis.

Ø West Nile fever: etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognosis, treatment, prevention.

Ø Sepsis: definition, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment and prevention. Procedure for hospitalization, rules for discharge of patients from the hospital.

Ø Concept of fever syndrome of unknown origin. Algorithm of examination of patients. Brucellosis as a component of fever syndrome of unknown origin, features of differential diagnosis.

Ø Nosocomial infections: general characteristics, features of the clinical course, diagnosis, principles of treatment and prevention.

Ø Prion diseases: clinical characteristics of diseases included in this group.

Problems of HIV infection

Ø The epidemic situation of HIV infection in Ukraine and the world. Normative documents on the prevention of the spread of HIV infection and social protection of the population. Social consequences of the spread of HIV infection.

Ø Etiology and pathogenesis of HIV infection, classification of disease stages. Expanded AIDS case definition in adults and adolescents. Classification of clinical stages, major and minor diagnostic criteria.

Ø The role of HIV infection in the formation of lymphadenopathy syndrome, differential diagnosis of this syndrome.

Ø HIV infection: laboratory diagnosis, peculiarities of its implementation, differential diagnosis, complications, principles of treatment. Psychological foundations of communication with such patients. Principles and approaches to the treatment of patients with HIV infection. General characteristics of drug groups used in the treatment of HIV infection.

Ø General and specific prevention of HIV infection. Safety measures and organization of doctor's work to prevent HIV infection of medical workers. Safety techniques for invasive manipulations. Measures in case of contamination with infectious material at the workplace. Forecast. The procedure of hospitalization, examination, dispensation.

Ø HIV-associated infections and diseases: features of the clinical course, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, differential diagnostics, principles of treatment.

List of professional skills

Ø Be able to substantiate the preliminary clinical diagnosis of the most common infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, viral hepatitis.

Ø Be able to recognize complications and emergency conditions in patients with the most common infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, viral hepatitis.

Ø Be able to recognize enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive nature of diarrhea.

Ø Be able to prescribe an examination plan for patients with the most common infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, acute forms of viral hepatitis.

Ø To be able to carry out clinical differential diagnosis of intestinal infections with diarrheal syndrome.

Ø Be able to carry out clinical differential diagnosis of respiratory infections.

Ø To be able to carry out differential diagnosis of typical and atypical pneumonias.

Ø To be able to carry out clinical differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis, jaundice.

Ø Carry out clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis.

Ø Prescribe rational treatment for patients with infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, viral hepatitis at various stages of medical care.

Ø Be able to provide emergency care to patients with infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, viral hepatitis.

Ø Plan basic preventive measures for infectious diseases with airborne, fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, viral hepatitis.

Ø Be able to substantiate the preliminary clinical diagnosis of the most common blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple transmission mechanisms, HIV infection.

Ø Be able to recognize complications and emergency conditions in patients with blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple mechanisms of transmission, HIV infection.

Ø Be able to prescribe an examination plan for patients with the most common blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple mechanisms of transmission.

Ø Carry out clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of the most relevant blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple transmission mechanisms, HIV infection.

Ø Prescribe rational treatment for patients with blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple transmission mechanisms, HIV infection.

Ø Be able to provide emergency care to patients with blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple transmission mechanisms, HIV infection.

Ø To plan basic preventive measures regarding the most relevant blood infections, infectious diseases with wound and multiple transmission mechanisms.

Ø Conduct general and individual prevention of HIV transmission.